"Vienna has twice changed the course of music, and these 3 classes aim to give you an insight into its importance. The first Vienna, (1790-1820) was the most important musical centre in Europe. It was a city of astonishing musical productivity and achievement led by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert. Haydn and Mozart wrote music based on clarity, restraint and balance. However, from 1800, Beethoven and Schubert began to explore musical ideas based on different aesthetic values. Most subsequent developments in Western music can be traced back to those thirty years. In the second Vienna (1890-1920), the Habsburg Empire began to fragment. Many of the intellectual and artistic impulses that have shaped the thought and influenced the culture of the modern world took root here. The most significant composers of this Vienna were Mahler, Schoenberg and Webern. Music to be examined and discussed will include Mozart (Clarinet Quintet,), Beethoven (Symphony No 6), Schubert (Songs), Mahler (Kindertotenlieder), Schoenberg (Verklärte Nacht), Webern (Six Bagatelles). Learning and discussion notes will be provided."